Ch. 5

*database- A self describing collection of integrated records.

*columns- Bytes are grouped (student name and student and student name)

*byte- A character of data.

*Rows- Columns or fields are grouped into this.

*Table or file- A group of similar groups or records.

*key or primary key- Column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table.

*Foreign keys- Keys of a different foreign table than the one in which they reside.

*relational databases- Data bases that carry their data in the form of tables that represent relationships using foreign keys.

*Metadata- Data that describes date.

*Database management system (DBMS)- A program used to create, process, and administer a database. (SQL Server Microsoft)  -license free

*Database administration- can be used to set up a security system involving use accounts, passwords, permissions, and limits for processing the database.

*Database application- A collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that serves as an intermediary between users and database data.

*Queries- Search based on values provided by the user.

*Reports- Structured representation of data using sorting, grouping, filtering, and other operations.

*Forums- View data; insert new, update existing, and delete existing data.

*Applications Programs- Provide security, data consistency, and special purpose processing. (Handle out of stock situations)

*graphical queries- Created when the user clicks on a graphic.

Multi-user processing- (Buying concert tix at the same time as multiples)

*Lost update problem- (someone buys your concert tix at the same time and gets them)

*Entity-relationship (E-R data model)- Atool for constructing data models.

*MongoDB- Open source docu. to store video footage.

*ACID- (atomic, consistent, isolated, durable) transactions.

*Normal forms- to remove duplicative data.

*data integrity problem- “accounting and finance” - “Accounting” 

1:N one-to-many

N:M Many-to-many

*Crows feet- angled lines.

Chapter 4

*Computer hardware consist of electronic components and related  gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software. 

* Central processing unit (CPU)- Sometimes called "The brain of the computer". 

-The CPU selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons, and stores results of operations in memory. 

- A computer with two CPUs is called a *dual-processor computer.

*Quad processor computers have four CPUs.

*Main memory- The CPU reads data and instructions from memory and then stores the results of computations in main memory.

- Main memory is sometimes called RAM for random access memory.

*Storage hardware- All computers have storage hardware and it's used to save data and programs. 

*Personal computers- Classic computing devices that are used by individuals.

*Tablets- Ipads.

*Server- A computer that is designed to support processing requests from many remote computers and users.

*Clients- In computing environments servers can send Web pages, email, files or data to PCs.  PCs, tablets, and smart phones that access servers are called clients.

*Server farm- A collection of, typically, thousands of servers.

- Computers represent binary digits, called bits. 

*Bit- A bit is either a zero or a one.

*Self driving car- Also known as a driverless car.

-Self driving cars make things cheaper.
-Self driving cars make things safer
-Self driving cars will disrupt businesses 

*3-D printing- Can print out metal or plastic objects.

*Operating  system- A program that controls the computer's resources.

*Native applications- Programs that are written to use a  particular operating system. (Sometimes called thick-client applications)

*Web application- (Thin-client app.) Designed to run within a computer browser such as firefox, Chome, Opera, or Edge (Formerly internet explorer).

*Microsoft windows- The most popular operating system.

*Application software- Performs a service or function. (Excel or Word)

*site license- A flat fee that authorizes the company to install the product.

*Horizontal-market application- Software provides capabilities common across all organizations and industries.

*Vertical market application- Software serves the needs of a specific industry.

*One- of a Kind application- Software is developed for a specific and unique need.

* Firmware- Is installed into devices such as printers, print servers, and various types or communication devices.

*Host operating system- Runs one or more operating systems as applications.

*Virtual Machines- Those hosted operating systems are virtual machines.

*PC virtualization- A personal computer, such as a desktop or laptop, hosts several different operating systems. 

*Server virtualization- A server computer hosts one or more other server computers.